Rally on Gran Sasso (Ger. Operation Eiche ) was carried out on September 12, 1943 with the aim of releasing the Italian dictator Benito Mussolini from arrest at the Grand Campo Imperatore hotel. The immediate cause of the entire operation was the arrest of Benito Mussolini on the orders of the King of Italy, Victor Emmanuel III. This daring and risky rally was carried out by selected soldiers from Fallschirmjäger-Lehr-Bataillon and 502. SS-Jäger-Bataillon. The operation commander was Otto Skorzenny. At 2 p.m. there is a train station nearby The Grand Campo Imperatore hotel was lifted by German troops, and five minutes later German troops landed DFS-230 gliders near the main target of the attack. A few minutes later, German troops burst into the hotel and seized the facility. Approx. 14.45 Benito Mussolini was loaded into the Fieseler Fi-156 and departed northward. Rally on Gran Sasso ended in full success of the German troops, sustained by almost zero losses of their own.
Fallschirmjäger is the collective term for German airborne units from the interwar period and World War II. The first parachute unit was organized in Nazi Germany in 1936 - perhaps as a result of observations made during the Soviet maneuvers of the previous year. The first paratroopers squad was created on the initiative of Herman Göring and was assigned to the Luftwaffe. A year later (1937), the first unit of this type was subordinated to the Wehrmacht, and more precisely to the land forces. In 1938, these units were combined and expanded to form the 7th Aviation Division under the command of General Kurt Student. It consisted of parachute infantry, troops trained to transport gliders and infantry transported to the battlefield by airplanes. In the course of World War II, more Fallschirmjäger units were created, incl. in 1943, on the basis of the 7th Aviation Division, the 1st and 2nd Parachute Divisions were established. In the period 1939-1941, the German Fallschirmjäger was used for its intended purpose (e.g. during the fighting in Western Europe in 1940), but after the heavy losses suffered in the course of the fighting in Crete in 1941, the German parachute troops began to be used primarily as elite infantry units, in which role they proved to be very successful, earning the nickname "Green Devils" among the Allies.