Military Air Force (in Latin, Russian: Wojenno-Wozdusznyje Si³y, abbreviated as VVS or WWS) is one of the types of Soviet armed forces that emerged shortly after the October Revolution of 1917. The intensive development of the Soviet military aviation took place from the beginning of the 1930s, when this type of military force was enlarged, but also new types of aircraft were introduced, such as I-15 or I-16 fighters or bombers such as SB-2 or DB- 3. It is worth adding that some of these types of aircraft, used during the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939), were not significantly inferior to their Italian or German counterparts in its initial period. However, the advent of machines like the Me-109 and He-111 changed this state of affairs. It can be assumed that the introduction of new aircraft to VVS indirectly accelerated in 1939-1941 - especially fighter machines such as the Yak-1 or the LaGG-3. However, in the initial period of the war with Germany (1941-1945), the Soviet air force suffered enormous losses. They can be explained by the shortcomings of the well-trained officer cadre (the aftermath of the Stalinist purges of the 1930s), the inferior individual training of Soviet pilots compared to their German opponents or the inferior tactics used by Soviet pilots. However, in the course of World War II, these deficiencies were to a greater or lesser extent made up for, and the Soviet air force was powered by new (good or very good) types of aircraft, to replace the entire Yakovlev family of planes: Yak-3, Yak-7 or Yak-9. The achievements of the Soviet aviation industry were also not in the parade, which from June 1941 to May 1945 produced approx. 157 thousand. machines! It is worth adding that WWS was the only air force in World War II to introduce a program to train women for airline service as fighter and bomber pilots. The effects of this program were, for example, the achievements of Lidia Litwiak or Jekaterina Butanowa.
In the course of the war with the Third Reich, the Soviet Air Force, i.e. the Military Air Force (in Latin, Russian: Wojenno-Wozdusznyje Si³y, abbreviated as VVS or WWS), have come a long way from suffering huge losses in the clash with the Luftwaffe in 1941 to assault flights over Berlin in 1945. Undoubtedly, the achievements of the Soviet aviation industry contributed to it, which from June 1941 to May 1945 produced approx. 157 thousand. machines! Like the introduction of new (good or very good) aircraft types to the line in the period 1941-1945, to replace the entire Yakovlev family of planes: Yak-3, Yak-7 or Yak-9. However, the ground handling of these machines and the broadly understood ground handling, compared to German or especially American aviation, was often even primitive. First of all, all types of advanced navigation tools, especially radars, were used on a much smaller scale, which translated into communication and detection of enemy air formations. Incidentally, it can be added that the radars that were in the WWS were often delivered as part of the Lend-and-Lease program from the USA or Great Britain. Secondly, all kinds of technical devices to accelerate and facilitate the work of ground crews were used on a relatively small scale. In the years 1941-1942, due to the great losses in the initial period of the war, there was also a shortage of specialized vehicles (e.g. mobile tanks), which also made ground handling difficult.
Supermarine Spitfire is probably the most famous British fighter from the Second World War. It was an all-metal machine with a low wing configuration, characteristic elliptical wings, a classic tail and a retractable landing gear. The prototype flight took place on March 5, 1936. The Spitfire proved to be the RAF's staple of the war, which continued to do well after the war, remaining in production for 10 years. The history of the Spitfire began on the drawing desk of RJ Mitchell, Supermarine's lead designer. The first machines went to RAF units in 1938, but when the Battle of Britain began in the summer of 1940, there were already 19 squadrons of modern fighters at the airfields - together with the slightly older Hurricanes of the Islands, 600 aircraft were defending. With the expansion of hostilities, the Spitfire served wherever the RAF operated in the Far East, North Africa and Italy, during the Normandy landings and fighting in France, and finally during the operation in Germany in 1945. For many Britons, he became a symbol of victory in World War II. This wonderful machine has at least a dozen production versions. The most important of them are, among others the first mass-produced Spitfire Mk.I powered by a 1030hp Rolls-Royce Merlin II engine. It was above all this machine that made such an excellent contribution to the Battle of Britain. Many versions of this model have been developed, including PR Mk IA (reconnaissance version) or PR.IG (armed reconnaissance version). Another interesting version was the Spitfire Mk.V with a Rolls-Royce Merlin 45 engine with 1440HP. Later, Merlin 50 engines were also assembled. Serial production of this version started in 1941 and was the RAF's response to the appearance of the Messerschmitt Bf-109F. Another very successful version is the Spitfire Mk.IX, powered by a Merlin 61 engine with a 4-blade propeller. It was created as an opponent to the Focke-Wulf Fw-190 and was put into production at the end of 1941. This version was modified many times and, for example, in 1944 it got a new gyro sight, an enlarged rudder or a different wing system. Another major version is the Spitfire Mk.XIV with a Rolls-Royce Griffon 61 engine and a five-bladed propeller. Serial production started in October 1943. One of the last series produced was the Mk.21 version. This version had a Griffon 61 engine, a strongly reinforced structure and sheathing, the wings were extended, increasing their flying surface. Mass production started in March 1945. Technical data (Mk.XIV version): length: 9.14m, wingspan: 11.23m, height: 3.05m, maximum speed: 717km / h, rate of climb: 18.5m / s, practical ceiling: 13,200m, range maximum: 1815 km, armament: fixed - 4 7.7mm machine guns and 2 20mm Hispano Mk II cannons, suspended - up to 225 kg of bombs.
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